Which device is used to check muscle response in
electrotherapy?

One contraindication of TENS:

Which modality promotes collagen alignment and tissue
healing?

LASER therapy wavelength used in physiotherapy is
generally in:

Low-frequency current is defined as:

Which current is used for facial paralysis therapy?

The "gate control theory" is most associated with:

Diathermy is most useful for treating:

Which is NOT a physiological effect of heat?

Which electrotherapy modality uses piezoelectric crystals?

Contraindication for electrotherapy in physiotherapy is: 

Which is an effect of pulsed shortwave therapy?

What is the minimal recommended frequency for ultrasound
in deep tissues?

The current type best suited for denervated muscle is:

Infrared therapy primarily provides:

Primary aim of galvanic current in acute injury:

Electrotherapy should be avoided over:

In electrotherapy, "duty cycle" refers to:

Biphasic pulsed current is often used in:

What is the typical treatment time for ultrasound therapy?

Contraindication for NMES includes:

EMG biofeedback is used to:

What type of current is used in neuromuscular electrical
stimulation (NMES)?

The active form of electrode in iontophoresis for delivering
negative ions is:

Which of the following is not a benefit of electrotherapy?

The average frequency used in high-frequency
electrotherapy is:

Continuous shortwave diathermy is used for:

What kind of wave is used in SWD?

Pulsed galvanic current is primarily used for:

In galvanic stimulation, the active electrode for pain relief is:

The primary mechanism of microcurrent therapy is:

An advantage of IFT over TENS is:

Which type of TENS is used for chronic pain?

Which electrode setup is best for deep tissues in IFT?

Which frequency range is used in ultrasound therapy?

The type of current used in TENS is:

LASER therapy is contraindicated in:

The duty cycle in pulsed ultrasound affects:

Continuous ultrasound produces primarily:

The depth of penetration of 1 MHz ultrasound is:

A contraindication for ultrasound therapy is:

Shortwave diathermy produces heat by:

The most commonly used frequency for interferential therapy (IFT)
is:

Iontophoresis delivers medication through the skin using:

Medium-frequency currents range between:

Russian current is used primarily for:

Faradic current is a type of:

Which current is commonly used for iontophoresis?

The primary physiological effect of TENS is:

The frequency of TENS used for pain modulation is usually:

The function of the patella is to:

The anatomical term for the heel bone is:

The hamstrings cross how many joints?

The role of the transverse abdominis in core stabilization is:

A first-class lever in the body is seen in:

The mechanical advantage of a second-class lever is:

A pulley in the human body acts to:

Which muscle helps in locking the knee in full extension?

During walking, the muscle that prevents hip drop is:

The latissimus dorsi is responsible for all except:

The vastus medialis is important for:

An isokinetic contraction maintains:

The muscle that performs opposition of the thumb is:

A muscle with broad origin and narrow insertion is:

Shoulder external rotation is performed by:

Muscles that stabilize the scapula include all except:

Plantarflexion is mainly produced by:

In scapulohumeral rhythm, for every 3° of shoulder
abduction, scapula contributes:

The antagonist of wrist extension is:

Flexion of the trunk is primarily done by:

The force that causes rotation around an axis is called:

Pronation of the forearm is performed by:

The hip joint is a type of:

The muscle that initiates shoulder abduction is:

The main action of the subscapularis is:

The deltoid muscle is a prime mover for:

The line of gravity in a standing posture passes:

A hinge joint permits movement in how many planes?

The biceps brachii performs which type of contraction during
a slow controlled elbow extension?

Supination of the forearm occurs around which axis?

Dorsiflexion occurs at which joint?

The direction of muscle fibers in the rectus abdominis is:

Movement away from the midline in the transverse plane is:

The muscle primarily responsible for hip flexion is:

The gastrocnemius acts over how many joints?

Elbow flexion is an example of:

The rotator cuff is primarily responsible for:

A synergist muscle:

The term used for a muscle that opposes the action of the
prime mover is:

The axis for hip abduction occurs in which plane?

The scapula moves in which pattern during full shoulder
flexion?

An example of a closed kinetic chain exercise is:

The prime mover for knee extension is:

During eccentric contraction, the muscle:

An isometric contraction is characterized by:

A movement that brings a limb toward the body’s midline is called:

Shoulder abduction occurs in the:

Movement in the frontal plane occurs around which axis?

The sagittal plane divides the body into:

Kinesiology is the study of:

Muscle fatigue during high-intensity exercise is due to:

Which brain area controls respiratory rhythm?

In ECG, the T wave represents:

The bicarbonate buffer system maintains:

What mechanism allows more oxygen to be released at the
tissue level?

The principal catabolic hormone is:

Vital capacity is the sum of:

Which parameter increases during isometric exercise?

The end-diastolic volume is also known as:

The major contributor to peripheral resistance is:

The stretch reflex is a:

In hyperventilation, the blood becomes:

Which is the pacemaker potential generator in the heart?

Lactate threshold is defined as the point when lactate
production exceeds:

Which of the following is NOT a physiological response to
endurance training?

What is the physiological response to high altitude?

Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction leads
to:

The muscle responsible for quiet inspiration is:

FEV1 is the volume of air expelled in the first second of:

What causes the ‘second wind’ phenomenon in exercise?

Proprioceptors are responsible for sensing:

Which of the following increases during sympathetic
stimulation?

What is the primary driver of ventilation during intense
exercise?

A decrease in baroreceptor sensitivity results in:

The Frank-Starling law of the heart states that:

Which type of muscle fiber is most fatigue-resistant?

What happens to blood flow to the working muscles during
exercise?

Which part of the nervous system is primarily responsible for
voluntary muscle control?

Which of the following increases during aerobic training?

Which system is predominantly active during endurance
training?

The primary energy system for a 400-meter sprint is:

In spasticity, the velocity-dependent increase in tone is due to
overactivity of:

The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of 1.0 indicates
predominant usage of:

The main function of the cerebellum in motor control is to:

During exercise, systolic blood pressure:

The 'all or none' principle applies to:

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is mainly caused by:

Which system provides the fastest source of ATP?

During prolonged exercise, body temperature is regulated
primarily by:

Which hormone is most responsible for fluid retention during
exercise?

The ventilatory equivalent increases significantly:

Cardiac output increases during exercise mainly due to:

The primary neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction
is:

Golgi tendon organ primarily detects:

Muscle spindle is sensitive to:

In a healthy adult, the normal value of VO₂ max ranges from:

The anaerobic threshold is best described as the point during
exercise when:

Stroke Volume is defined as the amount of blood ejected from
the ventricle per:

The primary energy system used during the first 10 seconds
of a high-intensity activity is the:

The plantar flexors of the ankle include:

Which of these is a hinge joint?

The liver is located in:

The nerve injured in wrist drop is:

The thenar muscles are supplied by:

The diaphragm has how many openings?

Cauda equina begins at the level of:

The spinal cord ends at:

Coracobrachialis is pierced by:

The main weight-bearing bone of the leg is:

The pulmonary artery carries:

Which cranial nerve innervates SCM and trapezius?

The muscle used in jaw closing is:

The anatomical term for the shoulder blade is:

The ligament that prevents hyperextension of spine is:

The innermost intercostal muscles help in:

The bursa commonly inflamed in housemaid’s knee is:

The nerve root of the Achilles reflex is:

The muscle that flexes both hip and knee:

The knee joint is a:

The largest carpal bone is:

The anatomical snuff box is bounded laterally by:

The nerve root involved in patellar reflex is:

The palpable landmark at C7 is called:

The chief muscle for shoulder abduction (0-15°) is:

The triceps surae group includes:

The saddle joint is found at the:

The femoral artery continues as the:

SITS muscles refer to:

The muscle that unlocks the knee is:

The nerve affected in carpal tunnel syndrome is:

The deltoid muscle is innervated by:

Cubital tunnel syndrome involves which nerve?

The strongest ligament in the human body is:

Pes anserinus is formed by all except:

Erb’s palsy affects which part of the brachial plexus?

Trendelenburg sign indicates weakness of:

The median nerve supplies all except:

The main nerve supply to diaphragm is:

The bone forming the heel is:

The biceps brachii is a:

The sciatic nerve exits the pelvis through the:

The muscle of mastication is:

The ligament that prevents anterior displacement of tibia on
femur is:

Foot drop is most commonly due to injury of:

The rotator cuff does not include:

Which muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve?

The primary extensor of the elbow is:

The muscle responsible for hip flexion is:

The longest nerve in the human body is:

Which of the following is a lower motor neuron lesion?

The longest nerve in the human body is: